The assembly and testing of machines used for turning operations. This would involve assembling the components of a turning machine, such as a lathe, and then testing its functionality to ensure it operates correctly. In manufacturing, “turning” typically refers to a machining process where a cutting tool is used to remove material from a rotating workpiece to create a cylindrical shape. So, “assembly and testing turning” might imply the assembly of parts followed by machining (turning) and then testing of the machined components to ensure they meet specifications. Functional gear testing could be defined as a series of tests that simulate the intended function of the product in an effort to determine whether an assembly operates within a specified performance range; quite simply, a method to test how well the assembly will function once it is applied to its intended purpose.